Biobased plastics

Definition and Origin of Biobased Plastics

Biobased plastics are materials that are partly or entirely made from renewable resources. This contrasts with traditional plastics, which are based on fossil fuels such as petroleum. The use of renewable resources helps to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower CO2 emissions, as the plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere during their growth.

Types of Biobased Plastics

There are various types of biobased plastics, which vary depending on the type of raw materials used and the manufacturing process. Some well-known examples include:

• Polylactic Acid (PLA): A biodegradable plastic made from fermented plant starch, mostly cornstarch.
• Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Biodegradable polyesters produced by bacteria from sugars or lipids.
• Starch-based Plastics: These are made directly from starch and are often biodegradable.
• Cellulose-based Plastics: Made from cellulose, a primary component of plant cells.
• Chitin-based Plastics: Derived from chitin, found in the shells of crustaceans.
• Gelatin-based Plastics: These are made from gelatin, obtained from animal products.

Biodegradability

A key feature of some biobased plastics is their biodegradability. This means that they can be broken down into their natural components through natural processes, such as by microorganisms. However, not all biobased plastics are biodegradable. For example, biobased polyethylene and natural fiber-reinforced plastics are biobased but not biodegradable.

Biobased, Non-biodegradable Plastics

Some biobased plastics, like Biobased Polyethylene (Bio-PE) and natural fiber-reinforced plastics, are not biodegradable. These materials offer the advantage of being made from renewable resources, but retain their structure and properties over a long period. They are commonly used in applications where durability and stability are required, such as in the automotive industry or construction.

Environmental Impact and Sustainability

The environmental impact of biobased plastics is varied. On one hand, they can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, it's important to consider the entire supply chain, including the cultivation of raw materials, manufacturing, and disposal of products. Issues of land use, water consumption, and pesticide use in plant production are also important to consider for a comprehensive assessment of sustainability.